Welding metallurgy has played a key role in the alloy development of duplex stainless steels. Welding metallurgy can be considered a special branch, since reaction times are in the order of minutes, seconds, fraction of seconds, whereas in the other branches’ reactions are in hours and minutes. Welding metallurgy deals with the interaction of different metals and interaction of metals with gases and chemicals of all types. The earliest grades had high carbon contents and tended to form a ferrite-rich heat affected zone (HAZ). Although some austenite reformation occurred due to these high carbon levels, this also led to carbide precipitation and a loss in intergranular corrosion (IGC) resistance. Due to the rapid heating and cooling rates associated with most welding processes, metallurgical reactions often occur under transient, non-equilibrium conditions.
This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of welding metallurgy. It explores various topics like solid-phase welding, structural joints, joining of ceramics, and fusion welding processes. It also deals with metallurgical effects of the weld thermal cycle, high-alloy steels, non-ferrous metals and brazing. The topics covered in this book offer the readers new insights in the field of welding. The book will be of interest to students studying welding engineering and welding metallurgy, as well as to practical welding engineers, inspectors and metallurgists. In addition to those people concerned with actual fabrication and manufacture, it will also be of importance to those concerned with design and specification.
Preface
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. Structural joints
3. The cohesion of crystalline solids
4. The plastic behaviour of crystalline solids
5. Solid-liquid interactions
6. Fracture
Conclusion
References
2. Solid-Phase Welding
1. Introduction
2. Physical aspects and metallurgy
3. Solid-phase welding processes
Conclusion
References
3. The use of Adhesives for Making Structural Joints
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Bonding between adhesive and substrate
4. Polymers
5. The properties of adhesive polymers
6. Bonding procedures
7. Joint design and applications
Conclusion
References
4. Soldering and Brazing
1. Introduction
2. Physical aspects
3. Soldering
4. Brazing
Conclusion
References
5. The Joining of Ceramics: Micro joining
1. Introduction
2. Scope
3. The properties of ceramics
4. Glass-metal seals
5. Glass-to-metal bonds
6. Allied Processes for Joining of Ceramics
7. Glass-ceramics
8. Glass-Ceramics in Medical Applications
9. Brazing
10. Other techniques
11. Micro joining
Conclusion
References
6. Fusion Welding Processes and their Thermal Effects
1. Introduction
2. Types of fusion-welded joint
3. Heat flow in fusion welding
4. Weld defects
Conclusion
References
7. Metallurgical Effects of the Weld Thermal Cycle
1. Introduction
2. Gas-metal equilibria
3. Gas-metal reactions in arc welding
4. Equipment
5. Metal transfer modes
6. The mechanism of gas absorption in welding
7. Porosity
8. Diffusion
9. Dilution and uniformity of the weld deposit
10. Weld pool solidification
11. Weld cracking
Conclusion
References
8. Carbon and Ferritic Alloy Steels
1. Introduction
2. Scope
3. Transformation and microstructure of steel
4. The mechanical properties of the welded joint
5. Steelmaking
6. Raw materials
7. Secondary Steelmaking
8. The welding of iron and steel products
Conclusion
References
9. Austenitic and High-Alloy Steels
1. Introduction
2. Scope
3. The weld pool
4. Alloy constitution
5. Mechanical properties
6. Transformation, embrittlement and cracking
7. Corrosion-resistant steels: alloys and welding procedures
8. Heat-resisting steels: alloys and welding procedures
9. Hardenable high-alloy steels
Conclusion
References
10. Non-Ferrous Metals
1. Introduction
2. Aluminium and its alloys
3. Magnesium and its alloys
4. Copper and its alloys
5. Composition
6. Nickel and its alloys
7. The low-melting metals: lead and zinc
Conclusion
References
Index
Cordell Connell is an Adjunct Professor at Institute of Technology, Milan. He has received his Ph.D. in Metallurgical Engineering from Technological University, Heidelberg. He specializes in welding, metal-joining techniques and soldering and has contributed extensively in the same through his works. Levitt has authored numerous articles and books, which have been published worldwide. He has also served as a reviewer in several well-known international journals.
