Machining is used to make numerous metal items, but it can also be used to make wood, plastic, ceramic, and composite materials. There are many different types of machining operations, each of which can produce a different part geometry and surface texture. Computer numerical control (CNC), which uses computers to control the movement and operation of mills, lathes, and other cutting equipment, is utilised for a lot of modern machining. This improves efficiency by allowing the CNC machine to run unattended, lowering labour expenses for machine shops. With the recent spread of additive manufacturing technologies, traditional machining has been reclassified as a subtractive manufacturing approach in concept and vocabulary. For a workpiece to satisfy the parameters specified in engineering drawings or blueprints, machining necessitates meticulous attention to many details.
This book, based the state of art knowledge, is a significant step forward in understanding the science of numerous facets of machining technology. It elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to this field. It describes in detail the various concepts and theories of CNC machine tools, machine tool operation, principles of CNC control and safety. It also deals with measuring systems, machine tool configurations, current developments in flexible manufacturing cells and computer integrated manufacturing. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers. It will have immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in the area at various levels.
Preface
1. The Development and Design of CNC Machine Tools
1. Introduction
2. Overview of CNC Machining Process
3. Historical Perspective- the early development of numerically controlled Machine tools
4. Economics of CNC
Conclusion
References
2. Design and Construction of CNC Machine Tools
1. Introduction
2. Basic rules of Machining
3. Types of CNC Machine
4. Tool Restrictions
5. Design Guidelines
6. CNC Machining Operations
Conclusion
References
3. Effects influencing CNC Machine Tool Operation
1. Introduction
2. CNC Machining Support Software
3. General Tolerances
4. Material Considerations
5. Size Considerations
6. Industrial Use & Applications
7. Automated Analysis of Machine Tools
8. Types of accuracy of CNC machine tools
Conclusion
References
4. Principles of CNC Control
1. Introduction
2. Working Principle of CNC Machine
3. Mechanism of CNC control
4. CNC coordinate system
5. Motion control – the heart of CNC
6. Understanding absolute versus incremental motion
7. Directions of motion (axes)
8. Other points about axis motion
9. Interpolation in CNC Tools
10. Compensation in CNC tools
Conclusion
References
5. Safety Principles for CNC Machine Tools
1. Introduction
2. Demands and Safety Measures for Machine Accessories
3. Requirements and Safety Measures for the Automation of Machine Tools
4. Requirements and Safety Measures in Normal and Special Modes of Operation
5. Specific Safety Precautions in Operating CNC Machines in Laboratory
6. Safety Goals for the Construction and Use of CNC Machine Too
7. Types of hazards in CNC Machine shops
8. Specific Safety Precautions in Operating CNC Machines
9. Workplace Safety Tips for CNC Machines
Conclusion
References
6. Measuring Systems for Machine Tool Path Determination
1. Introduction
2. Cartesian coordinates
3. NC Coordinate Systems
4. Components and Architectures of CNC Systems
5. Machining centres
Conclusion
References
7. A Review of Typical CNC Machine Tool Configurations
1. Introduction
2. Basic Elements of the CNC Machine
3. Working of CNC Machine
4. Components of a CNC System
5. CNC Machining Components
6. Essential Components of A CNC Machine
7. Basic Components of an NC System
8. Advantages of 5-Axis CNC Machine Tools
9. Productivity and Profitability of 5 axis CNC Machine tools
Conclusion
References
8. Current Developments in Flexible Manufacturing Cells and Systems, Leading to Complete Computer Integrated Manufacture
1. Introduction
2. Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
3. CIM structure in future factory for Tractor Mfg
4. Early Fms and Historical Antecedents
5. The Basics of Flexible Manufacturing
6. Types of FMS
7. Level of Flexibility
8. FMS Planning and Implementation Issues
9. FMS Applications
10. FMS Benefits
11. Advantages and disadvantages of FMS implementation
Conclusion
References
9. Quantitative Analysis of Flexible Manufacturing Systems
1. Introduction
2. Bottleneck Model
3. Extended Bottleneck Model
4. Sizing the FMS
5. Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) Components
6. FMS Layout Configurations
Conclusion
References
10. FMS in Computer Integrated Manufacturing
1. Introduction
2. Evolution of CIM
3. CIM Hardware and CIM Software
4. Key challenges in Operating CIM
5. Computer simulation
6. Benefits of CIM
7. How Does CIM Work?
8. FMS in CIM Process
9. Material Transport Tasks and Computer Control Systems
10. FMS and Labor Issues
11. Conventional Approaches to Manufacturing
12. Latest Developments and Future terms in CNC Technology
13. Emergence and Development of Machining Centers
Conclusion
References
11. Flexible Manufacturing Cell and System Configurations
1. Introduction
2. Key Benefits of Tool Monitoring in CNC Machines
3. Techniques of Machine Tool Monitoring
4. Physical Structure of the Monitoring System
5. Description of the Components of the Monitoring System
6. Functional Description of the Monitoring System
Conclusion
References
12. An Integrated Coordinate Measuring Machine
1. Introduction
2. Parts of CMM
3. Specific parts
4. Basic Types of CMMs
5. Portable Coordinate-measuring Machines
6. Standardization
7. Application of Coordinate Measuring Machine
Conclusion
References
Index
